So, I would go through a process of elimination. First, make sure the laptop can connect to the internet via the hotspot and go to
https://www.google.com. This utilizes port 443.
If that is successful, then try connecting to the VPN on the laptop and perform the above test.
If that is successful, fire up the first VM and perform the above test.
If that is successful, connect the first VM to the VPN and perform the above test.
If that is successful, fire up the second VM and perform the above test.
If that is successful, connect the second VM to the VPN and perform the above test.
If all steps above pass, then it is something within the configuration of the system.
If something along those steps fail, then that is where I would start troubleshooting. I know you have stated that "this works when at home on cable" (or something to that effect), however, I know for a fact that both Verizon and T-Mobile do not block port 443 (also called https or secure http). If they did, this would break most websites out there since most of them use https or port 443. Another tool that might provide useful information is a traceroute. Again, with these toosl, traceroute and Wireshark, you need to understand how the tool works and what information it is displaying.
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